Finding Undervalued Real Estate Markets

Here are few things to look for in an undervalued market:

Demographic Trends

Research local demographic trends. Who currently lives in the area? What is the median household income? Is the population growing or contracting? An undervalued market will often have a growing population. While you’re at it, look at the average household size (and rates of household formation). This will tell you whether you should expect to be renting to young professionals vs. families vs. empty nesters, each of which has its own renter profile. An area with predominantly families, for example, would indicate demand for larger units, such as 3- and 4-bedroom units. Young professionals and empty nesters, on the other hand, might be more drawn to smaller units but in buildings with more amenities.

Homeownership Rates

Look at whether the area tends to be dominated by homeowners or renters. Roughly 65% of Americans are homeowners compared to just 35% who are renters. How does this split look in the market you’re considering investing in? Strong rental markets often have an inverse split, with higher demand for rental housing than ownership opportunities. This is especially the case in urban areas and areas near colleges and universities, where the population is more transient.

Employment Rates

Areas with strong employment tend to be “safer” places to invest than areas with persistently high unemployment. Wages are also important. As a rule of thumb, renters should spend no more than 30% of their household income on rent each month. If a sponsor is asking you to invest in a luxury apartment syndication where units will cost an average of $2,500 per month, but local residents earn only $48,000 per year on average, this discrepancy would be a major red flag.

Economic Drivers

You should also understand what’s driving the local economy. Why would people want to live there? What’s bringing them to the area and importantly, keeping them there? In a place like Houston, for example, there are major colleges, universities and research hospitals that draw people from around the world. There are also major tech and life science companies that bolster economic growth.
When looking at local economic drivers, look for two key factors: (1) Is the local economy expanding or contracting? And (2) Is there industry/employer diversification? Ideally, you’ll want to invest in an apartment syndication located somewhere that is experiencing economic growth. Similarly, it’s important for that area to have some sort of industry and employer diversification. An area that is overly reliant on a single industry or employer can see its housing stock collapse if that employer goes out of business. Detroit is the classic example of this, having been so heavily dominated by the auto industry which later collapsed, sending the city (and housing prices) into a freefall.

Submarket Considerations

It’s also worth looking at hyper-local submarket conditions that could drive demand for local housing. For example, a suburban community that has exceptionally high-performing schools may continue to attract demand even absent any major, local employers. Similarly, an area’s economy might be struggling as a whole, but there could be a hyper-local housing driver that would encourage investment in rental housing.

Accessibility

An undervalued market will often have tremendous accessibility to schools, highways, public transit, and major employment centers. For example, a neighborhood on the outskirts of Atlanta might not initially seem appealing, but if you consider that renters would be able to get downtown in 10 minutes, this location suddenly becomes much more attractive to investors. Also weigh accessibility to area amenities, such as restaurants, retail, grocery stores, fitness centers, parks, playgrounds and more.

Competition

Undervalued markets often lack competition. In the case of multifamily, for example, there may only be two or three other apartment buildings in the area. These may be outdated or lack the amenities for which area renters would be willing to pay a premium. If it seems like there is no new supply coming online, but the other underlying market fundamentals are strong, it may be a sign that the submarket is significantly undervalued.

Conclusion

Real estate developers and private equity real estate fund managers are always on the lookout for the next “great” deal. This often means scouring undervalued markets for the diamond in the rough that can be transformed into a high-quality asset that generates tremendous returns for investors. Undervalued markets certainly carry their own set of risks, but an experienced sponsor will have carefully analyzed the deal to ensure the fundamentals of the market are strong. They will then build in the necessary checks and balances to mitigate risks over the duration of the holding period.